Ghana is currently facing its worst economic crisis in a generation, and illegal gold mining, known as "galamsey," has become a highly contentious issue in the lead-up to the country's general elections. The economic challenges, combined with the environmental and social impact of these illegal mining activities, have made it a focal point of political debate as the country prepares to elect its next president.

Hundreds of people marched through Accra, the capital of Ghana, on Friday in a peaceful protest against illegal gold mining, urging authorities to take decisive action against the dangerous and environmentally destructive practice. Known locally as "galamsey," illegal small-scale gold mining has surged this year, driven by a nearly 30% increase in global gold prices.

Data from Ghana's mining sector regulator shows that small-scale mines produced 1.2 million ounces of gold in the first seven months of 2024, surpassing the total output for the entire year of 2023. Despite this economic boom, the harmful effects of galamsey have sparked growing opposition. This practice not only endangers the health of miners but also pollutes water sources, destroys forests and cocoa farms, and contributes to rising crime rates. In response, many have been calling for stricter measures to curb its impact.

As Ghana prepares for its general elections on December 7, galamsey has emerged as a contentious political issue. On Friday, hundreds of demonstrators participated in an "environmental prayer walk" to protest against illegal mining. During the event, a petition calling for a ban on informal mining was submitted to the president’s office.

The march comes on the heels of planned nationwide strikes by labor unions this week in opposition to galamsey. However, some of these strikes were called off after the government made promising commitments, according to local media reports.

With the election approaching, the government faces increasing pressure to address voter concerns about galamsey and other pressing issues. The outcome of this election will determine who leads the West African country, a major producer of both gold and cocoa.

The administration of outgoing President Nana Akufo-Addo has been contending with Ghana’s most severe economic crisis in decades, coupled with a sweeping debt restructuring effort that has significantly affected citizens' lives.

Small-scale mining accounts for about 40% of Ghana’s total gold production, while multinational companies control the rest. Shockingly, 70% to 80% of small-scale mining operations remain unlicensed, contributing to the persistent challenges posed by galamsey.